HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene), less commonly known as PE-HD (Polyethylene High-Density), is a thermoplastic homopolymer with limited to no branching from the main molecular chain. HDPE is produced from petroleum products like natural gas through a polymerization process. Ethylene can be polymerized into polyethylene only in the presence of a suitable catalyst like metallocene or Ziegler-Natta-type catalysts. Once polymerized, the HDPE is extruded into long filaments. These filaments are then processed through a pelletizer, which cuts the filaments into pellets to be processed using standard thermal processing techniques like rotomolding or extrusion.
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HDPE forms part of the PE (polyethylene) group of plastics, which is made up of LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene), LLDPE (Linear Low-Density Polyethylene), and UHMWPE (Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene). HDPE has an excellent strength-to-weight ratio. It is often joined via plastic welding techniques, but can also be extruded, injection molded, rotomolded, and CNC machined. HDPE is often used for water tanks, piping, shopping bags, and food packaging. For more information, see our guide on What is HDPE Plastic.
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HDPE can be identified by the triangular recycling symbol with the number 2 enclosed as indicated in middle bottle below:
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