Geogrid is an extruded synthetic mesh that is typically used in civil construction projects across Australia and New Zealand. It is designed to provide long term ground reinforcement in an efficient manner by stabilising the rock fill particles that are used as a sub-base layer under roads and pavements.
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Made from polypropylene or polyethylene, geogrids are sold by the roll offering a lightweight and easy to handle way to cover large areas efficiently. The plastic construction has been stress-tested under a number of different Australian Standards tests, proving it to be extremely strong and reliable for many years.
Additionally, because geogrid is a geosynthetic material made from polymers like polypropylene, it will not react with moisture or microorganisms in the soil, meaning it is resistant to degradation.
Geogrid is designed with an intertwined mesh structure which holds particles and rocks, enabling it to form a strong bond with soil and aggregate mixes. Because of this inherent strength, geogrid is ideal for use as:
The reinforcement of base and subgrades
Road construction, both paved and unpaved
The reinforcement of slopes and embankments
Geogrids work by forming a strong, resilient structure of polymer fibres that becomes interwoven with the soil or granular material placed over them. The open-aperture design of geogrids allows the rock or fill material to be held fast within the grid, dramatically increasing the strength of the layer.
There are two types of geogrids available from GEOmasta – biaxial and uniaxial.
These geogrids provide equal support and equal strength in two directions or planes (for example, north-south plus east-west).
Uniaxial geogrids have uni-directional strength; that is, their strength and support operate along one direction.
Traditionally, reinforcing soil has been a costly and time-consuming process, however, geogrid offers a fast and cost-effective solution. Your team can literally roll out geogrid by the metre, offering immediate savings in time and effort.
Geogrid also helps to the thickness of the granular base that is required, providing even more cost savings.
Not only do geogrids add significant tensile strength to soils, but the use of high-strength polyester fibres which are purpose-engineered makes them suitable for all normally occurring soil types and gives them decades of design life.
Asphalt installation
The construction of roads and pavements or the repair of ageing ones require specific attention to be paid to temperature variations, stress and load-bearing, vehicle traffic loading, fatigue and water ingress.
Ground stabilisation
By using geogrids, engineers can reduce the thickness of capping layers by half compared with a standard un-stabilised design, and this is without any loss of performance. A contractor can save significant expenses on ground improvement work because of the reduction – up to 30% – in layer thickness.
Road rehabilitation
Road renewal, especially full-depth reconstruction, is a costly business. The employment of a geogrid layer has been proven to increase the life-span of the road pavement by more than three times, thereby reducing annual maintenance budgets by over 50%.
Heavy load access roads
The bearing capacity of weak subgrades can be increased by using geogrids, when necessary, to construct access roads for very heavy loads. For example, constructing access for cranes needed for the installation of wind farms where the bearing capacity of a road has to be able to withstand unusually heavy loads across typically weak soil substrates.
Retaining walls and slopes
Uniaxial geogrids are ideal for the construction of soil slopes and retaining walls. They provide reinforcement by containing lateral earth pressure and spreading the load. In retaining wall systems, uniaxial geogrids are ideal for the reinforcement of soil mass. Geogrids are designed to link with a number of different block systems, steel mesh panels and concrete panels to form a super-strength retaining wall. They can also be used for wrap-around facings.
Slopes and slip repairs
Geogrid technology means that slopes of any angle can be constructed using a variety of fills. This is a quick, cost-effective means of constructing embankments and slip repairs that need to tackle a steep face angle.
Capping tailings and industrial waste deposits
What was once considered almost impossible has now become a manageable challenge, thanks to geogrids. Engineers have been able to develop techniques utilising geogrids to cap weak deposits, making geogrids the industry standard for such challenges today.
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Rail projects
On railway projects, geogrids stabilise the rail ballast and trackbed and improve bearing capacity. They also significantly reduce any movement of rail ballast, meaning that less maintenance will be required over the railway line’s lifetime.
Airports and heavy-duty pavements
Multiple layers of geogrids form a stiff platform that spreads heavy loads across a large area and reduces unequal settlement and cracking. In some situations, several layers of geogrids are required, particularly where soft ground is prevalent.
Choosing a geogrid from GEOmasta can help you save time, money and even CO2 emissions. Geogrids such as our mastaGRID range promise long-term stability and significant reductions in maintenance costs for your project.
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Geogrid Reinforcement
Retaining wall block can be used to construct walls that retain, or prevent the movement of the soil. The maximum height these walls can be built without the use of reinforcement is dependent on these primary conditions.
Retaining walls that rely solely on their weight to retain the soil behind them are called gravity walls. When taller wall heights are required or certain site conditions exist such as surcharges or a slope above the wall, a reinforced wall is constructed.
Shear is the force applied when using a pair of scissors
Friction Angle
One method of reinforcing an Allan Block retaining wall is to use geogrid. Geogrid is a flexible mesh that is used to create a reinforced coherent mass behind the retaining wall by stabilizing the soil.
The stability of the soil depends greatly on the friction angle it contains. The friction angle is often referred to as the shear strength of the soil. Shear is the force that is applied when using a pair of scissors. In soil, the friction angle is the maximum shear force between particles of soil as they try to pass each other.
To visualize the friction angle of soil, think about a pile of soil on the ground. When you pile soil on the ground it naturally forms a conical shape. The steepness of the cone is directly related to the friction angle of the soil. If you have a rough gravelly soil you can pile it into a steeper cone than if you have a soft finely grained soil. See the Soils Chart for more information of friction angles and soil.
The Sand Castle Test
Unreinforced Soil
Reinforced Soil
How is it possible for this simple cylinder of soil to support this concrete block while the other one failed? The answer is geogrid reinforcement. Geogrid adds significant strength to the soil cylinder and prevents it from failing.
The sand castle test takes two cylinders of soil and applies vertical force to see how the soil performs. The first cylinder is just compacted material. The second is also compacted material with the addition of mesh screens to simulate the use of geogrid reinforcement.
From this example you can see how the geogrid reinforces the soil mass so that it can withstand much more force. It also helps the soil that is reinforced to act as one coherent gravity mass. If you consider a simple gravity retaining wall, the forces from the soil being retained must be retained by the mass of the wall blocks. When you use geogrid with a retaining wall, the mass of the blocks and the additional mass of the reinforced soil helps to withstand the pressures behind the wall. This combined mass is what allows very tall walls to be built when using geogrid.
Note: By increasing the length of geogrid in the wall, you increase the mass of the structure and therefore can build taller walls. You cannot increase the mass of the structure by using more layers of geogrid however. Using more layers of geogrid only helps to make the mass you are working with act more coherently as a single mass.
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