Inconel is a family of nickel - chromium alloys. Nickel and chromium give the alloy excellent high temperature and corrosion resistance. The addition of other elements improves various properties of the Inconel alloy.
If you want to learn more, please visit our website types of inconel.
Overview
Whenever you talk about nickel alloys or superalloys, you may have heard of an alloy called Inconel. In fact, it is one of the most commonly used superalloys. If this alloy is to be used in your project, then you definitely need to have some understanding of its properties.
In this article, we will introduce what is Inconel alloy, and let you have an overall understanding of Inconel alloy from three aspects: chemical composition, mechanical properties and physical properties.
What is Inconel?
Inconel is a general term for a series of alloys developed by Special Metals. It has excellent high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. According to different chemical composition ratios, Inconel alloys are divided into many different grades. The earliest grade Inconel X-750 can be traced back to .
Are you wondering: why is Inconel divided into so many grades? Can't one grade be used instead of another? Why are these grades classified as Inconel and not others?
These questions can be summarized with one answer: Inconel alloys include a series of alloys with similar properties, but these alloys have their own advantages and disadvantages in different properties according to different needs.
Next, let's talk about the common points of Inconel alloys.
Almost all Inconel alloys are nickel-chromium alloys. In other words, Inconel alloy is an alloy formed by adding a large amount of chromium to nickel. Below are some typical Inconel alloys. You can see that they all have nickel and chromium in common. (Hold the mouse over the corresponding elements, you can see their specific composition percentages)
600
Si
C
Mn
Cu
Fe
Cr
Ni
625
Si
C
Al
Ti
Co
Ta
Mo
Fe
Cr
Ni
718
Si
C
Al
Ti
Co
Nb
Ta
Mo
Fe
Cr
Ni
Nickel is the base composition of Inconel alloys. Its ability to maintain a stable austenite structure at any temperature is the guarantee of high temperature resistance of all Inconel alloys.
Chromium is also important to Inconel. It can form a protective film on the surface of the alloy. This protective film protects the alloy from corrosive substances.
In summary, nickel and chromium are the sources of high temperature and corrosion resistance for Inconel alloys.
Below, we will introduce the differences of different Inconel alloy grades from three aspects.
Chemical Composition of Inconel
As mentioned above, nickel and chromium determine the high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance of Inconel alloy respectively. Well, the first difference between the different Inconel alloys is the ratio of nickel to chromium. This ratio determines whether the alloy pays more attention to high temperature resistance or corrosion resistance.
For example, Inconel 600 has a nickel content of 72%, which is significantly greater than Inconel 690's 58%. Therefore, the high temperature performance of Inconel 600 is better than that of Inconel 690. In contrast, Inconel 690's 28% chromium content is greater than Inconel 600's 14%. Therefore, Inconel 690 has better corrosion resistance than Inconel 600.
600
690
600
690
We know that chromium has excellent corrosion resistance. However, it is only resistant to some kind of corrosive substances. Molybdenum is a good complementary element to corrosion that chromium cannot resist. Adding chromium and molybdenum at the same time can make the alloy resist almost all corrosion, which increases the overall corrosion resistance of the alloy. In addition, molybdenum can also increase the strength of the alloy.
Some nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys exist in Inconel's grades. Among them, the most typical is Inconel 625. Its corrosion resistance in complex environments is better than Inconel 600.
625
Chromium and molybdenum increase corrosion resistance. The addition of niobium, cobalt and tungsten improves the properties of the alloy.
The niobium in Inconel 625 increases the strength of the alloy through a solid solution strengthening mechanism.
625
Inconel 617 is a nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy. The addition of cobalt increases the strength of the alloy in another way. Compared to Inconel 625, Inconel 617 can maintain strength at higher temperatures.
617
Inconel 686 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy. The addition of tungsten not only improves the strength of the alloy, but also gives the alloy excellent pitting corrosion resistance.
686
Mechanical Properties of Inconel
Inconel alloys are divided into solid solution strengthened alloys and precipitation strengthened alloys according to the different microstructures. Among them, the strength of precipitation strengthened alloys is much higher than that of solid solution strengthened alloys. This is one of the reasons why Inconel needs to be divided into various grades. If your project requires materials with very high strength, precipitation strengthened alloys should be preferred. While the grades of solid solution strengthened alloys have a variety of choices to meet your other needs.
Below, we will introduce the classification of these two alloys respectively.
Solid solution strengthened alloy is characterized by the fact that its microstructure contains only one crystal phase. Therefore, it is a single-phase alloy.
In fact, the classification of alloys follows a naming rule. Among the many grades of Inconel. Alloys whose first digit is 6 are solid solution strengthened alloys. Such as: Inconel 600, Inconel 625.
The strength of such alloys depends on their chemical composition. If the alloy contains elements with obvious solid solution effects such as molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, and cobalt, its strength will be higher. On this basis, if you want to further increase the strength, you can only achieve work hardening by cold working.
The following table shows the mechanical properties of solid solution strengthened Inconel alloys:
Alloy Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elongation MPa MPa % Inconel 600 550 240 30 Inconel 601 550 205 30 Inconel 617 655 240 35 Inconel 625 690 276 30As you may have guessed, the alloys with the first digit 7 are precipitation strengthened Inconel alloys. Typical alloys are Inconel 718, Inconel X-750.
Unlike solid solution alloys, one or two additional strengthening phases are present in its microstructure. Therefore, it is a multiphase alloy.
The key elements for precipitation strengthening alloys are aluminum, titanium, niobium and tantalum. They can form precipitation strengthening phases. You can observe that all precipitation strengthened alloys contain at least one of these four elements.
Precipitation strengthened alloys can be further aging treated to greatly increase the strength of the alloy after work hardening.
The following table shows the mechanical properties of precipitation strengthened Inconel alloys:
Alloy Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elongation MPa MPa % Inconel 718 12 Inconel 725 827 20 Inconel X-750 790 15Physical Properties of Inconel
For Inconel alloys, the physical property of greatest concern is density. The chemical composition of different Inconel alloys varies greatly, so they have different densities.
Density is an important physical quantity for calculating alloy weight. If the weight is not calculated according to the density of the specific grade, the result will be very different from the actual weight.
You can use the following tools to quickly calculate the weight of different Inconel alloys:
Nickel Alloy Weight Calculator (Monel, Inconel, Incoloy, Hastelloy)
FAQ
The same nickel-chromium alloy, what is the difference between Inconel alloy and Incoloy alloy?
Strictly speaking, Incoloy is nickel-chromium-iron or nickel-iron-chromium alloys. Its properties are similar to Inconel alloys. The difference is that Incoloy has less nickel and more iron. Therefore, the performance of Incoloy alloy is lower than that of Inconel. However, it costs less than Inconel.
Can you recommend an Inconel alloy suitable for any situation?
It is very difficult. As we mentioned in the article, different Inconel alloys have different emphasis on different performance. Therefore, we sincerely recommend that you choose the alloy according to your needs. However, we can recommend three commonly used alloy grades: Inconel 600, Inconel 625, Inconel 718. They are relatively versatile and can handle most industrial projects.
I would like to learn more about the different Inconel alloys. Can you recommend relevant information?
Our website organizes every detail of all Inconel alloys. You can find various grades in the navigation bar above. You can also find all Inconel alloys at the link below. Please click on the specific grade on the new page to view the details.
Inconel Nickel Alloy -- Grades & Products
Inconel alloy belongs to nickel-chromium alloy. These alloys are suitable for use in high temperature corrosive environments. Different elements are added to the alloy to form a variety of different Inconel grades. They focus on different performance.
We provide high quality Inconel alloys for your selection. Please contact us for any needs.
Inconel Alloys | 600, 601, 617, 625, 718, 722, 750, 800, 825 | Sheet, Plate, Bar
You can send RFQs by filling out the RFQ form below. Or you can fax RFQs to 800-707-. We will get back to you ASAP.
* Inconel/Incoloy and Monel are Registered Trademarks of Special Metals Corporation and its subsidiaries.
* MuMetal~ is a registered trademark of Magnetic Shield Corporation.
Inconel Data Sheets
Inconel
600 Data Sheet,
Inconel 601
Data Sheet,
Inconel 617
Data Sheet,
Inconel 625
Data Sheet,
Inconel 718
Data Sheet,
Inconel 750
Data Sheet,
Inconel 800
Data Sheet,
Inconel 825
Data Sheet
(view complete data sheets for this material - including material property data,
metal compositions, etc)
California Metal & Supply is a leading supplier of quality
Inconel 600,
Inconel 601, Inconel 617, Inconel 625, Inconel 718, Inconel 722, Inconel 750,
Inconel 800 and Inconel 825 in Sheet, Plate, Bar.
About Inconel/Nickel Alloys
Inconel alloys are oxidation and corrosion
resistant materials well suited for service in extreme environments. When
heated, Inconel forms a thick, stable, passivating oxide layer protecting the
surface from further attack. Inconel retains strength over a wide temperature
range, attractive for high temperature applications where aluminum and steel
would succumb to creep as a result of thermally-induced crystal vacancies.
Inconel's high temperature strength is developed by solid solution
strengthening or precipitation strengthening, depending on the alloy.
About Nickel and Super Alloys
A superalloy, or high-performance alloy, is an alloy that exhibits excellent mechanical strength and creep resistance at high temperatures, good surface stability, and corrosion and oxidation resistance. Inconel is an example of a superalloy. A superalloy's base alloying element is usually nickel. Nickel alloys are alloys with nickel as principal element. Nickel-based superalloys have been developed for very high temperature applications where relatively high stresses are encountered and where high surface stability is frequently required.
Inconel & Inconel Alloys: Inconel 600, Inconel 601, Inconel 617, Inconel 625, Inconel 718, Inconel 722, Inconel 750, Inconel 800, Inconel 825
Incoloy Alloys
Incoloy alloys, including Incoloy 800 and Incoloy 825, are highly sought after due to their ability to resist both oxidization and carbonization in high-temperature settings. The majority of Incoloy alloys make additions to a nickel-iron-chromium base. These additions allow the alloy to adapt to the needs of a variety of industries and enable leading metal companies to offer a range of Incoloy shapes and designs.
Inconel 600: Solid solution strengthened
Inconel 601:
Good oxidation resistance at high temperatures and
resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion by high-purity
water, and caustic corrosion.
Inconel 617:
An exceptional combination of metallurgical stability,
strength, and oxidation resistance at high temperatures.
Inconel 625:
Acid resistant, good weldability
Inconel 718:
Gamma double prime strengthened with good weldability
Inconel 722: Age-hardenable by heat treatment
Inconel 725: A nickel-chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy that is highly
resistant to corrosion and is age hardenable for extremely high strength.
Inconel 750: Precipitation-hardenable, corrosion and oxidation
resistance, high strength at high temperatures.
AL-6XN: Low carbon, high purity, nitrogen-bearing "super-austenitic"
stainless alloy. The alloy was designed to be a seawater resistant material
and has since been demonstrated to be resistant to a broad range of very
corrosive environments.
Inconel 800,
Incoloy 800:
Has excellent tensile strength and resistance
to oxidation as well as carburzation properties.
Inconel 825,
Incoloy 825: Great resistance to many corrosive
environments, such as pitting, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and
stress- corrosion cracking.
Inconel 925: A precipitation-hardenable nickel-iron-chromium alloy with
additions of molybdenum and copper.
Inconel 945: An age hardenable nickel-iron-chromium alloy with additions of
molybdenum, copper, niobium, titanium and aluminum.
We supply a variety of Inconel sheets, Inconel plates, Inconel bars and Inconel round bars, Inconel tubing and Inconel pipes in various sizes. They include Inconel 600 Round Bar, Inconel 625 Round Bar, Incoloy 800 Round Bar, among others. Inconel material is also referred to as nickel alloy plate, sheets, bars, round, tubing and pipes. We are a certified distributor of high temperature pipes & high temperature alloy pipes, high temperature alloy plates, high temperature alloy sheets, and high temperature alloy tubing. They have superior mechanical properties along with good workability and high strength. These products are offered in various specifications.
Inconel Sheet, Inconel Plate
Inconel 600: AMS , ASTM-B-168, UNS N
(Cut To Size Price)
Inconel 601: AMS , ASTM-B-168, UNS N
Inconel 617: AMS , ASTM-B-168, UNS N
Inconel 625: AMS , ASTM-B-443, UNS N, UNS N
(Cut To Size Price)
Inconel 718:
AMS , B5T0TF14, UNS N
(Cut To Size Price)
Inconel 722: AMS , AMS , UNS N
Inconel 750: AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS
, AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , ASTM-B-637, UNS N
Inconel 800, Incoloy 800:
AMS , UNS N
Inconel Sheet, Inconel Plate Stock Size: Thickness: 0.010"~4.00", Standard Width & Length: 36" X 120" or 48" X 144", Cut to size available
Inconel Tubing
Inconel 600:
AMS , ASTM-B-163, B-167, MIL-T-
Inconel 625:
ASTM-B-444
Inconel 718: AMS , AMS
Inconel 800,
Incoloy 800: ASTM-B-163, ASTM-B-407, ASTM-B-514
Inconel 825,
Incoloy 825: ASTM-B-163, ASTM-B-423, UNS N
Inconel Tubing Stock Size: OD 1/16"~4", Wall: 0.010"~0.250",
Length: 17'/24' FT R/L
Inconel Tubing Specifications: ASTM-B-163, ASME SB163, ASTM-B-165, ASME SB165,
ASTM-B-167, ASME SB167, ASTM-B-444, ASME SB444
Inconel Pipe
Inconel 600:
ASTM-B-167
Inconel 601: ASTM-B-167, Commercial Specification, Sch 160
Inconel 625: ASTM-B-444
Inconel 718: ASTM-A-312
Inconel 800,
Incoloy 800: ASTM-B-514
Inconel Pipe Stock Size: 1/4" sch 10 to 16" sch 80
Inconel Pipe Specifications: ASTM-B-163, ASME SB 163, ASTM-B-165, ASME SB165,
ASTM-B-167, ASME SB167, ASTM-B-444, ASME SB444
Stock Pipe & Fittings
AL-6XN Pipe Stock Size: Sch10 & Sch40 thru 12" AL-6XN Fittings/Flanges:
thru 8"
Specifications: UNS N
ASME SB-688, ASME SA-240, ASME SB-675, ASME SA-312, ASME SB-676, ASME SA-249,
ASME SB-691, ASME SA-479, ASME SB-462, ASME SA-182, ASME SB-564, ASME SB-366
ASTM B688, ASTM A240, ASTM B675, ASTM A312, ASTM B676, ASTM A249, ASTM B804,
ASTM B691, ASTM A479, ASTM B462, ASTM A182, ASTM B564, ASTM B366, ASTM B472
NACE MR-
Inconel Bar and Inconel Round Bar
Inconel 600:
AMS , ASTM-B-166, MIL-N-
Inconel 601:
Commercial Specification
Inconel 617:
Commercial Specification
Inconel 625:
AMS , ASTM-B-446
Inconel 718: AMS , AMS , AMS ,
ASTM-B-637
Inconel 800,
Incoloy 800: AMS , ASTM-B-408, ASME-B-408
Inconel 825: ASTM-B-425
Inconel Bar Stock Size: 3/16" Diameter to 8" Diameter
Inconel Rod
Inconel 600 Rod, Inconel 601 Rod, Inconel 625 Rod and Inconel 800 Rod
Inconel rods are known for their excellent mechanical properties and
resistance to oxidation. Their applications include: furnace muffles,
electronic components, heat treating equipment, steam generator tubing, and
heat exchangers.
Grades: UNS (Inconel 800), UNS (Inconel 600), UNS (Inconel
601), UNS (Inconel 625)
Inconel Forging
Inconel 600, Inconel 625, Inconel 800, Inconel 825: ASTM-B-564
High Temperature Alloy Strips
Types of high temperature alloy strips include Invar 36, Kovar, Hastelloy
x-750, C 276, X, W, S, N grade, Waspaloy, maraging 300, , nickel 200, 400,
405 & K-500 grades & Rene 41 strips. Haynes 188, N-155, MP35N, alloy 31, alloy
188, HY MU-80, M-36, 5 & 6 grade, A286, Greek Ascoloy & AISI 670 strips are
also available.
As your Inconel sheet, plate, pipe, bar, round
bar, rod, tubing supplier, we are capable of fulfilling your required sizes. California Metal & Supply Inc. also has a stocking program to support
long term contract for your Inconel needs.
Composition
Different Inconels have widely varying compositions, but all are predominantly
nickel, with chromium as the second element.
Inconel
Element (% by mass)
Ni
Cr
Fe
Mo
Nb
Co
Mn
Cu
Al
Ti
Si
C
S
P
B
600
72.0
14.0-17.0
6.0-10.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.15
0.015
617
44.2-56.0
Want more information on single wire method safety wire? Feel free to contact us.
20.0-24.0
3.0
8.0-10.0
10.0-15.0
0.5
0.5
0.8-1.5
0.6
0.5
0.15
0.015
0.015
0.006
625
58.0
20.0-23.0
5.0
8.0-10.0
3.15-4.15
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.015
0.015
718
50.0-55.0
17.0-21.0
balance
2.8-3.3
4.75-5.5
1.0
0.35
0.2-0.8
0.65-1.15
0.3
0.35
0.08
0.015
0.015
0.006
X-750
70.0
14.0-17.0
5.0-9.0
0.7-1.2
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.4-1.0
2.25-2.75
0.5
0.08
0.01
Properties
High temperature metals or high temp alloys
consist of Inconel/Incoloy, Nickel and Superalloys.
Machining
Inconel metals are difficult metals to shape and machine using traditional techniques
due to rapid work hardening. After the first machining pass, work hardening
tends to plastically deform either the workpiece or the tool on subsequent
passes. For this reason, age-hardened Inconels such as 718 are machined using
an aggressive but slow cut with a hard tool, minimizing the number of passes
required. Alternatively, the majority of the machining can be performed with
the workpiece in a solutionized form, with only the final steps being
performed after age-hardening. External threads are machined using a lathe to
"single point" the threads, or by rolling the threads using a screw machine.
Holes with internal threads are made by welding or brazing threaded inserts
made of stainless steel. Cutting of plate is often done with a waterjet
cutter. Internal threads can also be cut by single point method on lathe, or
by threadmilling on a machining center.
Joining
Welding inconel alloys is difficult due to cracking and microstructural
segregation of alloying elements in the heat affected zone. However, several
alloys have been designed to overcome these problems.
Cobalt Alloy
L605 L-605Sheet, Plate: AMS
L605 L-605 Bar, Alloy # 25, AISI 670: AMS , AMS
Super / High Temperature Alloys
Invar 36 HRAP Plate:
ASTM B-753, MIL-S-A AMD 2
Kovar:
AMS , AMS , AMS , MIL-I- C1-1
Hastelloy X, Hastelloy X-750:
N, ASTM-B-637, AMS , AMS
, AMS , AMS
Hastelloy C 276:
N, ASTM-B-574, AMS , AMS
Hastelloy W, S, N:
AMS , AMS , AMS
Waspaloy:
AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS ,
AMS
Maraging 300:
AMS
:
AMS
Nickel 200/ Nickel 201:
UNS N, N,
ASTM-B-160, ASTM B162, ASTM B622
Nickel 400:
N, AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS ,
AMS , AMS , ASTM-B-164, QQ-N-281 A, QQ-N-281 B
Nickel 405:
AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS ,
AMS , QQ-N-281 A, QQ-N-281 B
Nickel K-500:
N, AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS ,
AMS , AMS , ASTM-B-865, QQ-N-281 A, QQ-N-281 B
Rene 41:
AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS
Haynes 188:
AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS
N-155:
AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS
Monel K500:
QQ-N-286
Inconel 625 Plus:
N, ASTM-B-805
Inconel 706:
N, AMS , AMS , AMS , AMS
Inconel 722:
AMS
Inconel 725:
N
Inconel 909:
AMS , AMS , AMS
Inconel 925:
N, NACE MR-01-75 Round Bar
Inconel 945:
N
Nimonic 75:
BS HR5, HR203, HR403, HR504
Nimonic 90:
BS HR2, HR202, HR501, HR502
Nimonic 263:
AMS , AMS
MP35N:
AMS , AMS , AMS
Alloy 31:
AMS ,
N155 (Multimet):
AMS
Alloy 188:
AMS , AMS
HY MU-80:
AMS , MIL-N-
MU METAL-ANNEALED HALF HARD, 1/2H:
AMS , AMS
M-36:
AMS ,
M-27: AMS , M-4, M-5, M-6: AMS
* There are three common types of nickel alloys
which are formed for different applications:
Nickel chromium, Nickel copper, and Nickel iron
The nickel chromium base alloys are used extensively in applications where heat resistance and/or corrosion resistance is required. In some members of the group, where conditions are less demanding, some nickel is replaced by iron to decrease the overall cost.
Metals fail at high temperatures by both oxidation (scaling) and through a loss in strength. Alloys in this class are designed to resist failure from both of these mechanisms.
Where corrosion resistance is significant, molybdenum is used as an alloying addition in nickel chromium based alloys.
This group of alloys are frequently sold under trade name specifications but most are listed in the Unified Numbering System. Common trade names are HASTELLOY, INCOLOY, and INCONEL.
The more recent nickel chromium base alloys in these groups also have a wide range of ancillary elements added to give special properties - some of these can be quite complicated and require very close control over composition and heat treatment.
Table 1. Compositions of some common nickel alloys.
UNS No
Al
Cr
Co
Fe
Mo
Ni
Nb+Ta
Ti
W
15.5
5.5
16
57
3.8
N
15.5
8
76
N
21.5
9
61
3.6
N
21
46
32.5
N
0.5
19
18.5
3
52.5
5.1
N
1.5
19.5
16.5
60
2.5
Table 2. Typical properties of some common nickel alloys.
UNS No
Condition
UTS (MPa)
0.2 Proof Stress (MPa)
Elong. On 5cm (%)
Hardness (HB)
hr Ruptire Str. 750 Degrees C (MPa)
Annealed
790
415
50
184
N/a
NAnnealed
550-690
210-430
55-35
120-170
38
NAnnealed
930
520
45
180
160
NAnnealed
520-690
210-410
60-30
120-184
70 (700 Degrees C)
NAge Hardened
A286
AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS
Other sizes are available on request.
Please call 800-707- or fax to 800-707-. We will get back to you ASAP. Thanks.
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