Selection of "Copper Clad Steel" Copper Plating Process -

The particularity of the wire processing industry makes the requirements of the copper plating process different from the conventional copper plating of steel parts. Therefore, how to choose a copper plating process suitable for wire processing is a very important subject. Generally, the basis for selecting the plating process is first of all the requirements of the plating product itself on the plating layer. That is, the product is processed first, and then electroplated. Such as thickness, brightness, hardness and dispersion ability. Some are right &#;

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The particularity of the wire processing industry makes the requirements of the copper plating process different from the conventional copper plating of steel parts. Therefore, how to choose a copper plating process suitable for wire processing is a very important subject.

Generally, the basis for selecting the plating process is first of all the requirements of the plating product itself on the plating layer. That is, the product is processed first, and then electroplated. Such as thickness, brightness, hardness and dispersion ability. Some also have requirements for current efficiency and deposition speed. Then look at the required pre-plating, intermediate plating and surface plating of copper plating.

The characteristic of wire processing electroplating is that the wire processing and electroplating are sometimes carried out simultaneously. That is, some are drawn first and then plated, and some are plated and then drawn. Even the electroplating of the finished silk is carried out under the traction of the take-up machine. In addition to the requirements for the coating according to the different uses of the wire, the selected process also needs to consider the adaptability of the electroplater to the walking speed of the wire, the number of traction heads, and the length of the processing line.

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For the CO2 gas shielded welding wire, due to the strict limit on the amount of copper adhesion on the wire, for example, the copper content per unit volume should be within 0.52 (mass fraction) of the solder, which is an extremely thin coating. The chemical immersion method is used. The replacement of copper plating can meet the requirements, but due to the traditional method of replacement copper plating currently used in China, its binding force and plating color can not meet the product requirements. And in practice, the process of first immersion plating and then drawing is used to make the copper layer stretch and thin during drawing to meet the product requirements. In this method, the coating is often peeled off and the bottom is exposed. Therefore, it is very important for the gas shielded welding wire to choose a copper plating process with good bonding force and ductility.

Before the emergence of a new process that enables successful one-time electroless copper plating of the finished wire, the process of first drawing to the middle wire diameter and then copper plating can be used to complete the finished product. Suitable for this process should be cyanide copper plating or matte acid copper plating. Because cyanide is too toxic, few people have adopted it in the metallurgical wire processing industry. At present, the more popular method is still to thicken the copper plating and then pull out after chemical copper immersion. The thickened copper plating used is acid copper plating or pyrophosphate copper plating. In the flat wire processing industry, copper plating is also used chemically.

The traditional replacement copper plating uses copper sulfate plus sulfuric acid. Only a very short period of time can be replaced by a very thin plating layer, when the copper plating is thickened on the top, the bonding force is not strong. If the immersion time in this chemical substitution plating is too long, it will not only increase the thickness of the coating, but also make the coating loose and porous, the iron matrix will also corrode, and the strength of the wire will be greatly reduced. The improved method is to add additives with surface blocking effect to the replacement copper plating solution to make the replacement process orderly. The ideal additive also has a certain brightening effect.

For wire products that require a certain thickness or even a thick coating, be very careful to use a replacement coating as a primer. At least until there is no reliable primer process for thick copper plating, for thick copper plating, the reliable process should still be pre-plated using electrochemical methods. The mature pre-plating process includes cyanide copper plating nickel plating and high P ratio pyrophosphate copper plating. Weighing various advantages and disadvantages, in the wire drawing electroplating industry, it is better to use nickel plating as a pre-plating primer. For thick copper plating, acid sulfate copper plating can be used. This is because, after process adjustment, acid copper plating can meet the requirements of high-speed electroplating. The current density can reach 30-50A / dm2, which greatly increases the deposition speed. In contrast, cyanide copper plating is not suitable for environmental pollution problems, and pyrophosphate copper plating is not only expensive due to its complex composition, but also not suitable for working under high currents. Tests have shown that in high-speed electroplating in acid copper plating, when the current density increases, the deposition rate of the coating also increases.

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&#;&#;&#;&#;It is very important to select the electroplating pretreatment process according to the material and surface condition of the steel wire while selecting the copper plating process.It can be said that the key to successful plating is pre-treatment.For oily and rusted surfaces,degreasing and rust removal are followed by electroplating.For products with serious oil contamination,in order to ensure the binding force,after chemical degreasing and rust removal,electrolytic degreasing should be increased and anode electrolysis should be adopted to avoid hydrogen embrittlement.In addition,if the cathodic electrolysis method incorporates metallic impurities,it will deposit on the surface of the wire rod,which will affect the bonding force,but the anode electrolysis will also easily cause passivation or anodic corrosion.Therefore,for low-carbon steels,short-time cathodic electrolysis can be used to remove oil.Activates the surface and increases the binding force.&#;&#;&#;&#;Sometimes the newly drawn steel wire is rarely rusted or stained,and it can be electroplated without prior treatment.This is wrong.Seemingly clean,rust-free surfaces,especially those that do not rust for a long time,often have protective films such as passivation films or residual lubricants or protective salts.If this surface is not activated by pickling,it is difficult to have good adhesion.&#;&#;&#;&#;The difficult pre-treatment topic is the steel wire or high-carbon steel wire with a dense oxide layer on the surface after heat treatment.The removal of the oxide layer of such steel wire is difficult.The original mixed acid can be used to etch heavily,but due to the limited diameter of the steel wire,the strong corrosion can damage the wire and cause the strength to decrease,so it should be treated with caution.For high carbon steels,chemical treatment will enrich the surface with carbon,which will also affect the binding force.It is often advisable to use physical methods to oxidize the skin,supplemented by weak chemical activation of the surface.&#;&#;&#;&#;The fundamental solution is to use oxygen-free anaerobic heat treatment during heat treatment.According to the data,heat treatment in foreign countries generally adopts heat treatment with oxygen-reducing,oxygen-free or protective reducing gas,so that the surface after heat treatment still shows an active state,which is favorable for the surface treatment process behind.&#;&#;&#;&#;After copper plating,the surface must be fully cleaned and quickly dried.Can also be cleaned after heat treatment to adjust the copper layer hardness.After that,the surface should be dip coated with anti-tarnish agent or surface protection as required by the customer.For finished yarns,anti-corrosion packaging should also be carried out.For example,vapor phase rust-proof paper is used for dressing.Then packaged in plastic bags,you can receive better protection.