There are several variables to consider when buying steel pipe, including the pipe dimension, thickness, and coating, whether the pipe is seamless, straight weld or spiral weld, and whether to purchase new pipe or surplus pipe.
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Steel pipe walls come in three main thickness options: standard (STD), extra strong (XS) and double extra strong (XXS). For example, a steel pipe manufacturer might offer a 10-inch steel pipe with a standard wall thickness of 0.365 inches, an extra strong wall thickness of 0.5 inches, and a double extra strong wall thickness of 1 inch. The best pipe thickness to choose will vary depending on the project requirements and how much stress the pipe is expected to withstand.
Because steel is malleable and durable, it can be used to make pipe in a wide range of sizes. Small diameter steel pipe can range from the 1.5 inch tubing used for things like hydraulic lines and instrumentation tubes to the smallest hypodermic needle, which has an inner diameter of 0.mm. Conversely, large diameter steel pipe&#;such as the pipe used in shipbuilding and the oil and gas industry&#;starts at about 14 inches and increases up to 36 inches and larger.
Because steel pipe is prone to oxidation and corrosion, the steel must be protected. One of the most popular and cost effective ways to protect steel pipe is to coat the pipe in a protective finish. Common coating options include fusion bond epoxy, SynergyTM coating, scotch coating/fletcher coating, and galvanizing. Each of these options varies in their use and application, and different coatings will work better in different environments.
Surplus steel pipe is pipe that has been used before and is being resold. It&#;s a common misconception that surplus steel pipe must be old or corroded, but this isn&#;t always the case. Sometimes surplus steel pipe is brand new. New steel pipe might be sold as &#;used&#; or &#;surplus&#; if the pipe was left over from another project, such as in instances where more pipe was ordered than needed, or where scraps of pipe were left over from being cut. Surplus steel pipe is a cost effective option that works well for light duty structural applications, road bore casings, temporary drainage projects, and more. Surplus steel pipe should only be used for projects where it is both legal and safe; if safety issues arise, then it is best to use new steel pipe.
The three main styles of steel pipe are seamless, straight weld and spiral weld, named for the way in which they are manufactured. Straight weld steel pipe is made by taking a flat sheet of steel and welding the ends together, resulting in a pipe with a single, straight seam down its length. Similarly, spiral weld pipe is also created by taking a flat sheet of steel and welding the ends together, except that the coil is wound at an angle, so the weld around the outside of the pipe runs in the shape of a helix rather than in a straight line. Unlike straight and spiral weld steel pipe, seamless steel pipe is made by stretching steel out into a seamless tube, and therefore the pipe has no seam.
Generally, welded pipe is considered weaker because of its seam, while seamless pipe lacks a weld and is generally considered safer. Seamless pipe is a top choice for high-pressure, high-temperature applications, such as those in oil and gas, power generation and the pharmaceutical industry. The downside of seamless steel pipe is that the rolling and stretching manufacturing process produces an inconsistent wall thickness compared to welded pipe, and it&#;s also more expensive to buy. Welded pipe is cheaper than seamless pipe and is typically good for lightweight applications such as transporting gas, electrical conduit and plumbing.
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A successful project requires the right parts, including reliable pipes. Piping systems run along walls and ceilings to complete various processes. Given their importance, it&#;s critical to select the best material. Before seeking a supplier, check out these eight factors to consider when buying pipes for a large project.
Cost is a significant factor for any business decision, so it&#;s essential to consider the initial investment. Determine if the pipe material is readily available or if companies must import the pipes and pipe lining materials, along with outsourcing maintenance appointments.
Businesses should also consider return on investment when comparing materials. For example, selecting a cheaper, less viable pipe for a project has negative financial implications in the long run. Constant repairs or irreversible damage are possible consequences. Overall, it&#;s smarter to purchase more expensive materials best suited for the project. Prioritize industry needs over short-term savings.
Assuming specific pipes are suitable for all types of applications is wrong, especially for large projects. Knowing the transported liquids helps companies select the proper fluid-handling pipe materials. So what liquids will your project&#;s pipes transport? More specifically, will the pipes transport corrosive or noncorrosive liquids?
Corrosive liquids include crude oil, seawater, ammonia, and acidic substances. If you deal with these liquids, you need corrosion-resistant materials like CPVC and HDPE pipe to avoid damaging your piping system. On the other hand, noncorrosive liquids or gases, including lube oil and nitrogen, are safe to transport in metal piping.
Below are the common pipe materials and how they respond to certain elements.
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Melted pipes are the last thing anyone wants to encounter. When handling high-temperature liquids, choose high-temperature pipe material. For instance, some plastic pipe linings aren&#;t suitable for high temperatures, whereas others handle all types of liquids. Typically, metal pipes are best for hot liquids, though they&#;re too hot to touch.
Whether your company handles extremely hot or cold fluids, choose pipes intended for extreme temperatures. Otherwise, the materials are susceptible to corrosion and damage. In severe cases, pipes break and leak hazardous fluids and gases in the workplace. To help avoid this, choose materials ideal for high temperatures, such as carbon steel, PTFE, ATL, and PP pipe lining. Pipes suitable for low temperatures include copper, aluminum alloys, and austenitic stainless steel.
Different liquids and gases create differing pressure inside pipes. If the pressure is high, pipes must be extra strong, high-pressure resistant, or extra thick.
On average, most facilities need pipes that handle 150 pounds per square inch gauge (psig). If companies work with higher pressures, they require specialized materials. For example, ammonia and chlorine require pressure-specific pipe materials.
It&#;s critical to ask suppliers about pressure requirements because using the wrong pipes can lead to leaks, explosions, flooding, and fires&#;not to mention harm to personnel and property. Simply put, don&#;t play the guessing game with fluid pressure and pipes.
Large projects require reliable and durable pipes. That said, companies need to determine how long they need the system to last. If businesses expect relocations, they should select pipes that last five to 10 years. However, if this is a long-term solution, investing in durable materials that last more than 10 years is key.
In many cases, service life affects cost, as temporary pipes are less expensive than permanent pipes. However, it&#;s all about finding the middle ground for materials. Companies need reliable systems that meet their service needs. After all, businesses don&#;t want to experience frequent issues regardless of temporary or permanent piping.
Ask manufacturers about service life and expectations (i.e., maintenance requirements). You should also read reviews about pipes to learn about customer experiences with the materials to gauge how reliable they are.
Some pipes are easier to clean than others, depending on the size and intricacy of the pipe system. However, it&#;s critical to gauge maintenance expectations. If companies can&#;t clean pipes often, selecting low-maintenance pipes is best. These are the three types of maintenance to keep in mind:
A factor to consider when buying pipes for a large project is external element exposure. Please note that external elements exist indoors and outdoors. For instance, corrosive fumes, humidity, and mold are indoor external threats. Outside threats include inclement weather, plant growth, and microorganisms.
If any part of piping is outdoors, systems need materials that can withstand the environment. Sunlight, soil, and precipitation can deteriorate pipes. Companies don&#;t want to ruin entire systems because they fail to protect outdoor pipes.
Remain cautious of external elements like the following:
Last but not least, valve and fitting sizes are important to consider. Depending on the material, manufacturers have a few valves and fittings to choose from. For example, butterfly, check, diaphragm, slurry, and knife gate valves are common options.
The valves and fittings depend on the pipe-to-pipe connections. They also depend on pipe connections to other features inside the system. Fortunately, each pipe material has a preferred (and mandatory) valve and fitting selection, making it easier to choose these items.
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